{"id":7172,"date":"2024-06-11T11:02:58","date_gmt":"2024-06-11T08:02:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/?p=7172"},"modified":"2024-06-11T11:02:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T08:02:58","slug":"etikas-dilemmas-zinatnes-edenes-darza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/etikas-dilemmas-zinatnes-edenes-darza\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0112tikas dilemmas zin\u0101tnes \u201c\u0112denes d\u0101rz\u0101\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Foto: Gints Kl\u0101sons<\/em><\/p>\n

Latvij\u0101 jau vair\u0101ku gadu desmitu garum\u0101 ir nepietiekams valsts finans\u0113jums zin\u0101tnei, un, iesp\u0113jams, var k\u013c\u016bt apnic\u012bgi par to dzird\u0113t atk\u0101rtoti. Tom\u0113r tie, kuri atrodas akad\u0113miskaj\u0101 vid\u0113, var piekrist, ka nepietiekama finans\u0113juma apst\u0101k\u013cos tiekties p\u0113c akad\u0113misk\u0101s izcil\u012bbas noz\u012bm\u0113 rad\u012bt augl\u012bgu augsni \u0113tikas dilemm\u0101m. \u0112tikas p\u0101rk\u0101pumu riski ir apst\u0101k\u013cu kopums, kas zema finans\u0113juma, augstas konkurences un uz kvantit\u0101ti m\u0113r\u0137\u0113tu v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas krit\u0113riju apst\u0101k\u013cos liek rad\u012bt skaitliski vair\u0101k zemas kvalit\u0101tes rezult\u0101tu. Riskus rada ar\u012b neinform\u0113t\u012bba un zin\u0101\u0161anu tr\u016bkums par situ\u0101cij\u0101m, kas potenci\u0101li uzskat\u0101mas par akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101pumiem.<\/p>\n

B\u016btisk\u0101kie riski ne\u0113tiskai r\u012bc\u012bbai zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101 vid\u0113<\/strong>
\nTurpinot rakstu s\u0113riju par akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma probl\u0113msitu\u0101cij\u0101m Latvij\u0101 \u201cAkad\u0113misk\u0101 \u0113tika Latvij\u0101 \u2013 Quo Vadis?\u201d, Latvijas Jauno zin\u0101tnieku apvien\u012bba iepaz\u012bstina sabiedr\u012bbu ar 2023. gad\u0101 veikt\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101tiem. [1] Raksta m\u0113r\u0137is ir izgaismot rakstur\u012bg\u0101kos akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma riskus, ko anket\u0101s nor\u0101d\u012bju\u0161i augst\u0101k\u0101s izgl\u012bt\u012bbas iest\u0101\u017eu (AII) darbinieki un AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vji (skat\u012bt 1. att\u0113lu).<\/p>\n

Raksta autoru v\u0113lme nav mekl\u0113t vain\u012bgos, bet mudin\u0101t aizdom\u0101ties, k\u0101di ir iemesli, kas rada labv\u0113l\u012bgu augsni ne\u0113tiskai r\u012bc\u012bbai, k\u0101das ir iesaist\u012bto pu\u0161u dilemmas un k\u0101da b\u016btu v\u0113lam\u0101 r\u012bc\u012bba da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s. Situ\u0101ciju izprast pal\u012bdz\u0113s hipot\u0113tisku, bet re\u0101lu situ\u0101ciju piem\u0113ri, kurus piedz\u012bvo jaun\u0101 p\u0113tniece Daiga (v\u0101rds ir izdom\u0101ts). Visas aprakst\u012bt\u0101s situ\u0101cijas aptauj\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bju\u0161i Latvijas augstskolu akad\u0113miskais un zin\u0101tniskais person\u0101ls.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\n1.att\u0113ls. AII darbinieku un AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vju identific\u0113tie riski akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101pumiem (Nav atbildes: AII darbinieki N = 14; AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vji N = 3)<\/p>\n

Spiediens public\u0113t rakstus un rakst\u012bt projektus<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daiga v\u0113las k\u013c\u016bt par zin\u0101tnieci. Doktora gr\u0101da ieg\u016b\u0161ana ir b\u016btisks solis, lai \u012bstenotu \u0161o sapni. Daiga \u0101tri vien saprot, ka zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101 grup\u0101 liela da\u013ca aktivit\u0101\u0161u saist\u0101s ar publik\u0101cij\u0101m un projektiem. Projekti nodro\u0161ina finans\u0113jumu p\u0113t\u012bjuma \u012bsteno\u0161anai nepiecie\u0161amajiem materi\u0101liem, eksperimentiem, darbinieku atalgojumam, p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101tu izplat\u012b\u0161anai zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101s konferenc\u0113s un publik\u0101cij\u0101s, k\u0101 ar\u012b administrat\u012bvajiem izdevumiem zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s instit\u016bcijas darb\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai. Tom\u0113r projekti ir \u012bslaic\u012bgi, un finans\u0113juma ieg\u016b\u0161ana to \u012bsteno\u0161anai ir tik sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta, ka zin\u0101tniekiem j\u0101l\u0113k\u0101 no viena neliela projekta uz otru bez iesp\u0113j\u0101m pl\u0101not zin\u0101tnisko darb\u012bbu ilgtermi\u0146\u0101 un pa\u013c\u0101v\u012bbas uz n\u0101kotni zin\u0101tn\u0113. Publik\u0101cijas, savuk\u0101rt, ir produktivit\u0101tes r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js un viens no priek\u0161noteikumiem gan valsts b\u0101zes finans\u0113juma piesaistei zin\u0101tniskajai instit\u016bcijai, gan projektu finans\u0113juma piesaistei zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s karjeras att\u012bst\u012b\u0161anai.<\/em><\/p>\n

LJZA veiktaj\u0101 aptauj\u0101 AII darbinieku atbild\u0113s par b\u016btisk\u0101ko risku, kas veicina akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma probl\u0113msitu\u0101cijas, visbie\u017e\u0101k nor\u0101d\u012bts \u201cSpiediens public\u0113t un rakst\u012bt projektus\u201d. \u0160o risku nosauca 36 % jeb 35 no 96 respondentiem, kuri nor\u0101d\u012bja riskus. <\/p>\n

Nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba public\u0113t zin\u0101tniskos rakstus un nodro\u0161in\u0101t p\u0113tniec\u012bbas finans\u0113jumu k\u013cuvusi par domin\u0113jo\u0161u izaicin\u0101jumu ne tikai Latvij\u0101, bet ar\u012b citviet pasaul\u0113. [ 2, 3, 4] Tom\u0113r uzsvars uz kvantit\u0101ti, nevis kvalit\u0101ti apdraud akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma principu iev\u0113ro\u0161anu [5, 6], veicina stresa un izdeg\u0161anas kult\u016bru zin\u0101tnieku vid\u016b [7, 8], k\u0101 ar\u012b prioritiz\u0113 \u012bstermi\u0146a dom\u0101\u0161anu un ieguvumus. Zin\u0101tniskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi liel\u0101ko pienesumu tautsaimniec\u012bbai sniedz tie\u0161i ilgtermi\u0146\u0101. <\/p>\n

Resursu un atbalsta iztr\u016bkums<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u012astenojot doktorant\u016bras p\u0113t\u012bjumu, Daiga sastopas ar da\u017e\u0101diem izaicin\u0101jumiem. Piem\u0113ram, materi\u0101lu ieg\u0101dei ir nepiecie\u0161ams ilgsto\u0161s iepirkumu process, kur Daigai detaliz\u0113ti j\u0101apraksta katra ieg\u0101d\u0101jam\u0101 prece. Darba vad\u012bt\u0101js ir izteikti aiz\u0146emts un ne vi\u0146\u0161, ne citi studiju programm\u0101 iesaist\u012btie nesp\u0113j past\u0101st\u012bt par gr\u0101da ieg\u016b\u0161anas pras\u012bb\u0101m. Lektoru tr\u016bkuma d\u0113\u013c Daigai tiek l\u016bgts vad\u012bt vair\u0101kas lekcijas semestr\u012b, un stipendija, kuru Daiga ieguva \u012bpa\u0161\u0101 konkurs\u0101, n\u0101k ar nosac\u012bjumiem, kas pieprasa detaliz\u0113tu atskait\u012b\u0161anos par padar\u012bto. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai fokus\u0113tos uz p\u0113tniec\u012bbu, Daiga ik p\u0113c trim m\u0113ne\u0161iem pavada divas dienas, pildot atskaites. Ko Daigai dar\u012bt? Kur rast laiku ilgsto\u0161i un netrauc\u0113ti koncentr\u0113ties p\u0113tniec\u012bbai? Vai samierin\u0101ties ar pavir\u0161u p\u0113tniec\u012bbu, lai pag\u016btu izpild\u012bt citas pras\u012bbas?<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0113t\u012bjumu \u012bsteno\u0161ana nav iesp\u0113jama bez laika, materi\u0101liem un finan\u0161u resursiem. Resursu tr\u016bkumu p\u0113t\u012bjumu vajadz\u012bb\u0101m nor\u0101d\u012bja 16 % (15 no 96) aptauj\u0101to AII darbinieku un 18 % (2 no 11) AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem. Respondentu atbildes apliecina, ka nepietiekami resursi negat\u012bvi ietekm\u0113 zin\u0101tniekus visos karjeras posmos. Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no amata, darbs p\u0113tniec\u012bb\u0101 nereti ietver lekciju gatavo\u0161anu, vad\u012b\u0161anu, administrat\u012bvo darbu. Paral\u0113li aktu\u0101lo projektu \u012bsteno\u0161anai zin\u0101tnieki izstr\u0101d\u0101 n\u0101kamos projektu pieteikumus, att\u012bsta sadarb\u012bbu viet\u0113j\u0101 un starptautisk\u0101 m\u0113rog\u0101, pilnveido prasmes un ieg\u016bst inform\u0101ciju par aktualit\u0101t\u0113m sav\u0101 nozar\u0113. Resursu tr\u016bkumu ietekm\u0113 ar\u012b probl\u0113mas ar administrat\u012bvo slogu, sasteigtu un nep\u0101rdom\u0101tu normat\u012bvo aktu pie\u0146em\u0161ana, tai skait\u0101 neskaidr\u012bba par augstskolu reorganiz\u0101ciju, un laika pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161 da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m atskait\u0113m. \u0160os iemeslus k\u0101 b\u016btisku risku akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101pumiem aptauj\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bja 27 % (3 no 11) AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vju. <\/p>\n

14 % (13 no 96) AII darbinieku un 9 % (1 no 11) AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem k\u0101 b\u016btisku risku nor\u0101d\u012bja iztr\u016bksto\u0161u atbalstu prasmju pilnveid\u0113. Prasmju un atbalsta tr\u016bkums nov\u0113rojams t\u0101d\u0101s jom\u0101s k\u0101 datu p\u0101rvald\u012bba un dro\u0161\u012bba, atbalsts publik\u0101ciju un projektu pieteikumu sagatavo\u0161an\u0101, zin\u0101\u0161anas, k\u0101 str\u0101d\u0101t ar studentiem un konfliktsitu\u0101ciju risin\u0101\u0161an\u0101. Bez atbilsto\u0161\u0101m apm\u0101c\u012bb\u0101m, resursiem un atbalsta ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti veikt paredz\u0113tos pien\u0101kumus, un var n\u0101kties daudz laika velt\u012bt mekl\u0113jot vajadz\u012bgo inform\u0101ciju un resursus sav\u0101 br\u012bvaj\u0101 laik\u0101. Pa\u0161reiz zin\u0101tnes sniegumu Latvij\u0101 nosaka publik\u0101ciju un pieteikto projektu daudzums, bet prasmju pilnveide bie\u017ei netiek apmaks\u0101ta. <\/p>\n

Resursu un atbalsta tr\u016bkums, k\u0101 ar\u012b spiediens ieg\u016bt finans\u0113jumu izteikti zema, neregul\u0101ra zin\u0101tnes finans\u0113juma un augstas konkurences apst\u0101k\u013cos zin\u0101tniekiem var rad\u012bt ilgsto\u0161u spriedzi, steigu un veicin\u0101t izdeg\u0161anu. \u0160\u0101dos apst\u0101k\u013cos var pastiprin\u0101ti veidoties konflikti un p\u0101rpratumi, kas var negat\u012bvi ietekm\u0113t savstarp\u0113j\u0101s attiec\u012bbas un veicina aizspriedumus kol\u0113\u0123u vid\u016b. Kategoriju \u201cKonflikts, konkurence, diskrimin\u0101cija vai necie\u0146a\u201d sav\u0101s atbild\u0113s nor\u0101d\u012bja 17 % (16 no 96) AII darbinieku un 18 % (2 no 11) AII p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem. \u0160\u012b kategorija ietver starppaaud\u017eu konfliktus, konfliktus ar kol\u0113\u0123iem, konkurenci darbinieku vid\u016b, diskrimin\u0101ciju un necie\u0146u. Akad\u0113miskaj\u0101 vid\u0113 ierobe\u017eota bud\u017eeta apst\u0101k\u013cos tiek\u0161an\u0101s p\u0113c finans\u0113juma veicina ar\u012b praksi \u201capsp\u0113l\u0113t sist\u0113mu\u201d, piem\u0113ram, manipul\u0113jot ar publik\u0101ciju autoru sarakstiem. Ne\u0113tisku autor\u012bbu k\u0101 vienu no b\u016btisk\u0101kajiem riskiem akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101pumiem nor\u0101d\u012bja 13 % (12 no 96) aptauj\u0101to AII darbinieku. <\/p>\n

Zin\u0101tnisko organiz\u0101ciju iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 darba kult\u016bra un attieksme pret cilv\u0113kiem<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0101d\u0101 no san\u0101ksm\u0113m Daiga uzzina par kol\u0113\u0123a jaun\u0101ko publik\u0101ciju, kuras p\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101tu ieg\u016b\u0161an\u0101 b\u016btiska loma bija ar\u012b Daigai, tom\u0113r publik\u0101cijas autoru sarakst\u0101 vi\u0146as nav. Iepaz\u012bstoties ar raksta manuskriptu, Daiga saprot, ka ieg\u016btie dati nav atbilsto\u0161i interpret\u0113ti. Daiga v\u0113r\u0161as pie grupas vad\u012bt\u0101ja, ta\u010du vi\u0146\u0161 paskaidro, ka publik\u0101cija tapusi liel\u0101 steig\u0101, kol\u0113\u0123im nodro\u0161inot iesp\u0113ju sasniegt doktora gr\u0101da ieg\u016b\u0161anai nepiecie\u0161amo publik\u0101ciju skaitu, un kol\u0113\u0123is nezin\u0101ja par Daigas ieguld\u012bjumu p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101, turkl\u0101t raksts jau ir iesniegts zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101 \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101. Ar\u012b Daigas ba\u017eas par k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m rezult\u0101tu skaidro\u0161an\u0101, vad\u012bt\u0101js noraida, nor\u0101dot, ka rakstu recenz\u0113 vair\u0101ki starptautiski eksperti. Darba vad\u012bt\u0101js sievieti mierina, apgalvojot, ka Daigai b\u016btu j\u0101b\u016bt ieinteres\u0113tai, lai kol\u0113\u0123is p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas \u0101tr\u0101k ieg\u016btu doktora gr\u0101du, jo ar papildu doktora gr\u0101da ieguv\u0113ju zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101 grup\u0101 b\u016bs v\u0113l viens projektu vad\u012bt\u0101js un grupa var\u0113s piesaist\u012bt vair\u0101k projektu, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113s nodro\u0161in\u0101t finans\u0113jumu p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, taj\u0101 skait\u0101 Daigas algai, kas, savuk\u0101rt, nepiecie\u0161ami Daigas doktora darba sagatavo\u0161anai. Ko dar\u012bt Daigai? K\u0101da loma ir darba vad\u012bt\u0101jam \u0161aj\u0101s \u0113tikas dilemm\u0101s? <\/em><\/p>\n

Vienaldz\u012bba pret p\u0101rk\u0101pumiem, to ignor\u0113\u0161ana vai sl\u0113p\u0161ana, lai saglab\u0101tu labu iest\u0101des publisko t\u0113lu, k\u0101 ar\u012b subjektivit\u0101te l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161an\u0101 ir otrs bie\u017e\u0101k nor\u0101d\u012btais risks aptauj\u0101to AII darbinieku vid\u016b. To nor\u0101da 27 % (26 no 96) AII darbinieku un 18 % (2 no 11) AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem. \u0160aj\u0101s atbild\u0113s iez\u012bm\u0113jas gan kol\u0113\u0123u vienaldz\u012bba, gan attieksme \u201cman par maz maks\u0101\u201d, gan citu kol\u0113\u0123u akad\u0113misk\u0101 negod\u012bguma izpausmju pie\u0146em\u0161ana par nerisin\u0101m\u0101m. Iesaist\u012bto darbinieku attieksme b\u016btiski apgr\u016btina nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu celt trauksmi. Zi\u0146ojot par akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101pumu, trauksmes c\u0113l\u0101jam n\u0101kas v\u0113rsties pret saviem kol\u0113\u0123iem, risk\u0113jot pasliktin\u0101t savstarp\u0113j\u0101s attiec\u012bbas.<\/p>\n

Cit\u0101ts no LJZA akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma p\u0113t\u012bjuma anketas: <\/p>\n

\u201cLiel\u0101k\u0101 probl\u0113ma \u2013 tu person\u012bgi paz\u012bsti tos cilv\u0113kus, kuriem tu p\u0101rmet negod\u012bgumu, bet tu nev\u0113lies to dar\u012bt publiski, jo tu vi\u0146us paz\u012bsti vai pat esi kol\u0113\u0123is (instit\u016bcij\u0101), str\u0101d\u0101 vien\u0101 jom\u0101.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101pumus toler\u0113jo\u0161a attieksme kol\u0113\u0123u vid\u016b ir saist\u012bta ar b\u016btisku risku \u2013 sp\u0113ju aizsarg\u0101t savas ties\u012bbas. To sav\u0101s atbild\u0113s nor\u0101da 19 % (18 no 96) AII darbinieku un 27 % (3 no 11) AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vju. \u0160aj\u0101 kategorij\u0101 tika ieskait\u012btas gan atbildes, kas nor\u0101d\u012bja uz institucion\u0101l\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m ties\u012bbu iev\u0113ro\u0161anas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161an\u0101, gan darbinieku nev\u0113l\u0113\u0161anos k\u013c\u016bt par trauksmes c\u0113l\u0101jiem, baidoties no \u201cnon\u0101k\u0161anas melnaj\u0101 sarakst\u0101\u201d vai atrieb\u012bbas. LJZA veiktaj\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 aptauj\u0101tie sniedz skaidrojumu, kas liecina par b\u016btisk\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m akad\u0113miskaj\u0101 sist\u0113m\u0101, proti, \u0161\u0101ds apgalvojums: \u201cBailes no profesora, jo vi\u0146\u0161 izn\u012bcin\u0101s manu karjeru Latvij\u0101, jo vi\u0146\u0161 ir vado\u0161ais profesion\u0101lis man\u0101 zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101 lauk\u0101\u201d<\/em> pats par sevi nor\u0101da uz visai nevesel\u012bgu akad\u0113misko vidi.<\/p>\n

Ja p\u0101rk\u0101pumi tiek ignor\u0113ti, lai saglab\u0101tu iest\u0101des reput\u0101ciju, nevis r\u016bp\u0113tos par negodpr\u0101t\u012bgas prakses izskau\u0161anu, tiek grauta uztic\u0113\u0161an\u0101s sist\u0113mai kopum\u0101. Caurskat\u0101m\u012bbas un atbild\u012bbas tr\u016bkums raisa vil\u0161anos un tic\u012bbas zaud\u0113\u0161anu instit\u016bcijai. Turkl\u0101t instit\u016bcij\u0101 veidojas sl\u0113gta nesod\u0101m\u012bbas kult\u016bra, kur\u0101 cilv\u0113ki ne\u0113tisku uzved\u012bbu uztver k\u0101 normu. Tas att\u012bsta toksisku darba vidi, kas kav\u0113 sadarb\u012bbu un inov\u0101ciju rad\u012b\u0161anas iesp\u0113jas un apdraud iest\u0101des sp\u0113ju efekt\u012bvi pild\u012bt izgl\u012bt\u012bbas un p\u0113tniec\u012bbas uzdevumus. Maz ticams, ka \u0161\u0101d\u0101 vid\u0113 str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161ie leposies ar savas instit\u016bcijas darbu, v\u0113l\u0113sies par to st\u0101st\u012bt publiski vai dal\u012bties ar sava darba specifiku, mudinot citus piev\u0113rsties zin\u0101tnei. <\/p>\n

Izpratnes tr\u016bkums par akad\u0113misko god\u012bgumu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma principi ir zin\u0101tnisko procesu st\u016brakmens un sast\u0101v no t\u0101d\u0101m pamatv\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m k\u0101 atkl\u0101t\u012bba, uztic\u0113\u0161an\u0101s un atbild\u012bba. M\u016bsdienu pasaul\u0113, kur inform\u0101cija ir viegli ieg\u016bstama, akad\u0113misk\u0101s uzticam\u012bbas uztur\u0113\u0161ana ir b\u016btisk\u0101ka nek\u0101 jebkad agr\u0101k. Tas ir pamats, kas veido uzticam\u012bbu augst\u0101k\u0101s izgl\u012bt\u012bbas iest\u0101d\u0113m un veido to reput\u0101ciju. Tom\u0113r, j\u0101atz\u012bst, ka negodpr\u0101t\u012bga r\u012bc\u012bba ne vienm\u0113r ir apzin\u0101ta. Akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma izpratnes tr\u016bkumu k\u0101 vienu no riskiem nor\u0101d\u012bja 10 % (10 no 96) aptauj\u0101to AII darbinieku un 27 % (3 no 11) AII \u0113tikas komisiju p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem. K\u0101 sekas izpratnes tr\u016bkumam var veidoties situ\u0101cijas, kur\u0101s iesp\u0113jama intelektu\u0101l\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161uma piesavin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s jeb pla\u0123i\u0101tisms. J\u0101atz\u012bst, ka uztvere par akad\u0113misko god\u012bgumu laika gait\u0101 ir main\u012bjusies, bet joproj\u0101m gaism\u0101 n\u0101k arvien jauni gad\u012bjumi, kur zin\u0101tnieki (bie\u017ei vien akad\u0113miskaj\u0101 hierarhij\u0101 augst\u0101k st\u0101vo\u0161ie) m\u0113dz piesavin\u0101ties kol\u0113\u0123u vai studentu idejas, l\u012bdz galam neapzinoties, ka tas ir klaj\u0161 autorties\u012bbu p\u0101rk\u0101pums. K\u0101 nor\u0101da LJZA veikto aptauju rezult\u0101ti, augst\u0101k\u0101s izgl\u012bt\u012bbas iest\u0101d\u0113s tr\u016bkst apm\u0101c\u012bbu un diskusiju par akad\u0113misko \u0113tiku un iesp\u0113jamo r\u012bc\u012bbu, saskaroties ar probl\u0113msitu\u0101cij\u0101m. <\/p>\n

K\u0101 veidot \u0113tisku akad\u0113misko vidi un nov\u0113rst riskus?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uzticam\u012bba ir b\u016btiska zin\u0101\u0161anu att\u012bst\u012bbai un sabiedr\u012bbas iesp\u0113jai uztic\u0113ties zin\u0101tnei. Zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101m instit\u016bcij\u0101m j\u0101nov\u0113r\u0161 t\u0101du gad\u012bjumu ra\u0161an\u0101s, kad \u0113tiska r\u012bc\u012bba ir dilemma nevis apzin\u0101ta v\u0113rt\u012bba. Ikvienam j\u0101apzin\u0101s, ka ne\u0113tiskas r\u012bc\u012bbas sekas p\u0101rsniedz vajadz\u012bbu vai v\u0113lmi p\u0113c atsevi\u0161\u0137u p\u0101rk\u0101p\u0113ju komforta. Ne\u0113tiska r\u012bc\u012bba grauj uzticam\u012bbu gan p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101tiem, gan visai zin\u0101tnieku kopienai, kas ir ilgtermi\u0146a drauds pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 m\u0113rog\u0101.<\/p>\n

K\u0101ds no AII \u0113tikas komisijas p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem apstiprina iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s kult\u016bras lomu probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161an\u0101: \u201cOrganiz\u0101cijas kult\u016bra kop\u0161 augstskolas pirms\u0101kumiem ir izveidojusies t\u0101da, kur\u0101 br\u012bvi un atkl\u0101ti var run\u0101t par visiem jaut\u0101jumiem, l\u012bdz ar to probl\u0113msitu\u0101ciju gad\u012bjum\u0101 t\u0101s ir iesp\u0113jams risin\u0101t sarunu ce\u013c\u0101. Darbinieku ties\u012bbu aizst\u0101v\u012bba var\u0113tu b\u016bt v\u0113l lab\u0101k\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b, jo bie\u017ei vien stresa, p\u0101rslodzes u.tml. situ\u0101cij\u0101s var kaut ko nepaman\u012bt, bet nekad tas nav bijis \u013caunpr\u0101t\u012bgi. B\u016btiska negat\u012bva loma ir visp\u0101r\u0113jai situ\u0101cijai augst\u0101kaj\u0101 izgl\u012bt\u012bb\u0101 \u2013 finan\u0161u tr\u016bkums, birokr\u0101tija, p\u0101rregul\u0101cija, bezj\u0113dz\u012bgs laika pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161 nelietder\u012bg\u0101m atskait\u0113m, sist\u0113miska nevienl\u012bdz\u012bga attieksme un citi izaicin\u0101jumi.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Lai mazin\u0101tu p\u0113tnieku p\u0101rslodzi, vis\u0101m iesaist\u012btaj\u0101m instit\u016bcij\u0101m ir kritiski j\u0101v\u0113rt\u0113 sava atbild\u012bba akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma probl\u0113msitu\u0101ciju risku nov\u0113r\u0161an\u0101. To iesp\u0113jams pan\u0101kt, mainot zin\u0101tnes nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas metodiku, veicinot kvalitat\u012bvo r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ju izv\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anu. Zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101m instit\u016bcij\u0101m par priorit\u0101ti j\u0101nosaka ieguld\u012bjumi darbinieku apm\u0101c\u012bb\u0101 un zin\u0101\u0161anu pilnveido\u0161an\u0101, nodro\u0161inot, ka ir pieejami nepiecie\u0161amie r\u012bki un zin\u0101\u0161anas nov\u0113rst ne\u0113tisku r\u012bc\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Noz\u012bm\u012bgas ir skaidras vadl\u012bnijas un r\u012bc\u012bba akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101pumu izskat\u012b\u0161an\u0101, kas ir pieejamas un saprotamas visiem zin\u0101tnisko instit\u016bciju p\u0101rst\u0101vjiem. B\u016btisk\u0101kais ir skaidri p\u0101rk\u0101pumu nov\u0113r\u0161anas izpildes meh\u0101nismi, nodro\u0161inot \u0101tru un caurskat\u0101mu p\u0101rk\u0101pumu izskat\u012b\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

Nepiecie\u0161ams veidot iek\u0161\u0113jas apm\u0101c\u012bbu programmas, kas v\u0113rstas uz akad\u0113misko \u0113tikas jaut\u0101jumu izpratni, s\u0101kot no bakalaura studij\u0101m l\u012bdz pat vado\u0161ajiem p\u0113tniekiem un profesoriem. K\u0101 konstat\u0113j\u0101m veikt\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101tos, probl\u0113mas ar izpratni par akad\u0113misko \u0113tiku sastopamas pat augst\u0101kajos akad\u0113misk\u0101s karjeras l\u012bme\u0146os. Programm\u0101s iek\u013caujamas apm\u0101c\u012bbas par pareizu cit\u0113\u0161anas praksi, ori\u0123inalit\u0101tes noz\u012bmi un akad\u0113misk\u0101 negod\u012bguma sek\u0101m. Regul\u0101ri semin\u0101ri un apm\u0101c\u012bbas stiprin\u0101tu izpratni par \u0161iem principiem un veicin\u0101tu akt\u012bv\u0101ku r\u012bc\u012bbu situ\u0101cij\u0101s, kad rodas dilemmas. Ne maz\u0101k b\u016btiska ir ar\u012b nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba izcelt cilv\u0113kus, kuri demonstr\u0113 priek\u0161z\u012bm\u012bgu \u0113tisku r\u012bc\u012bbu. <\/p>\n

Ikviens var veicin\u0101t godpr\u0101t\u012bbas kult\u016bru, veidojot atkl\u0101tu dialogu ar studentiem, m\u0101c\u012bbsp\u0113kiem un administratoriem par \u0113tisk\u0101m dilemm\u0101m un akad\u0113misko standartu iev\u0113ro\u0161anas noz\u012bmi. Gad\u012bjumos, kad tiek konstat\u0113ti p\u0101rk\u0101pumi, tie ir j\u0101risina \u0101tri un caurskat\u0101mi, lai mazin\u0101tu negat\u012bvo rezonansi sabiedr\u012bb\u0101 un nov\u0113rstu risku, ka cietu\u0161ais pamet\u012bs darbu zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101 instit\u016bcij\u0101 vai zin\u0101tn\u0113 kopum\u0101.<\/p>\n

N\u0101kamaj\u0101 viedok\u013crakstu s\u0113rij\u0101 \u201cAkad\u0113misk\u0101 \u0113tika Latvij\u0101 \u2013 Quo Vadis?\u201d analiz\u0113sim iemeslus, kas trauc\u0113 risin\u0101t akad\u0113misk\u0101 god\u012bguma probl\u0113msitu\u0101cijas, pamatojoties uz LJZA p\u0113t\u012bjuma respondentu pieredzi, saskaroties ar p\u0101rk\u0101pumiem un lemjot \u2013 zi\u0146ot vai nezi\u0146ot \u0113tikas komisijai.<\/p>\n

Autori: Latvijas Jauno zin\u0101tnieku apvien\u012bbas (LJZA) p\u0101rst\u0101vji Anna Stik\u0101ne, Raimonda Soloha, Laila Silami\u0137ele, Rasma P\u012bpi\u0137e, Liene Spru\u017eeniece
\nTeksta redi\u0123\u0113\u0161ana un kori\u0123\u0113\u0161ana: L\u012bva Kukle<\/p>\n

Raksts public\u0113ts https:\/\/ir.lv\/2024\/06\/10\/etikas-dilemmas-zinatnes-edenes-darza\/<\/p>\n

Atsauces<\/strong>
\n[1] LJZA (2024). Kur mirst Latvijas zin\u0101tne? https:\/\/ir.lv\/2024\/03\/20\/kur-mirst-latvijas-zinatne\/
\n[2] Rawat S, Meena S. Publish or perish: Where are we heading? J Res Med Sci. 2014 Feb;19(2):87-9. PMID: 24778659; PMCID: PMC3999612.
\n[3] Paruzel-Czachura, M., Baran, L., & Spendel, Z. (2021). Publish or be ethical? Publishing pressure and scientific misconduct in research. Research Ethics, 17(3), 375-397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1747016120980562
\n[4] Gopalakrishna G, ter Riet G, Vink G, Stoop I, Wicherts JM, Bouter LM (2022) Prevalence of questionable research practices, research misconduct and their potential explanatory factors: A survey among academic researchers in The Netherlands. PLoS ONE 17(2): e0263023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0263023
\n[5] Kiai, A. To protect credibility in science, banish \u201cpublish or perish\u201d. Nat Hum Behav 3, 1017\u20131018 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-019-0741-0
\n[6] Fanelli D (2010) Do Pressures to Publish Increase Scientists’ Bias? An Empirical Support from US States Data. PLoS ONE 5(4): e10271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0010271
\n[7] Haven TL, Bouter LM, Smulders YM, Tijdink JK (2019) Perceived publication pressure in Amsterdam: Survey of all disciplinary fields and academic ranks. PLoS ONE 14(6): e0217931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217931
\n[8] Haven, T., de Goede, M.E.E., Tijdink, J. et al. Personally perceived publication pressure: revising the Publication Pressure Questionnaire (PPQ) by using work stress models. Res Integr Peer Rev 4, 7 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41073-019-0066-6<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Foto: Gints Kl\u0101sons Latvij\u0101 jau vair\u0101ku gadu desmitu garum\u0101 ir nepietiekams valsts finans\u0113jums zin\u0101tnei, un, iesp\u0113jams, var k\u013c\u016bt apnic\u012bgi par to dzird\u0113t atk\u0101rtoti. Tom\u0113r tie, kuri atrodas akad\u0113miskaj\u0101 vid\u0113, var piekrist, ka nepietiekama finans\u0113juma apst\u0101k\u013cos tiekties p\u0113c akad\u0113misk\u0101s izcil\u012bbas noz\u012bm\u0113 rad\u012bt augl\u012bgu augsni \u0113tikas dilemm\u0101m. \u0112tikas p\u0101rk\u0101pumu riski ir apst\u0101k\u013cu kopums, kas zema finans\u0113juma, augstas […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7173,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viedoklraksti"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7172"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7178,"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7172\/revisions\/7178"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jauniezinatnieki.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}